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Genetics | History, Biology, Timeline, & Facts | Britannica
Genetics, study of heredity in general and of genes in particular. Genetics forms one of the central pillars of biology and overlaps with many other areas, such as agriculture, medicine, and biotechnology. Learn more about the history, biology, areas of study, and methods of genetics.
Genetics - DNA, Genetic Code, Mutations | Britannica
Genetics - DNA, Genetic Code, Mutations: A major landmark was attained in 1953 when American geneticist and biophysicist James D. Watson and British biophysicists Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins devised a double helix model for DNA structure. Their breakthrough was made possible by the work of British scientist Rosalind Franklin, whose X-ray diffraction studies of the DNA molecule shed light ...
Genetics - Breeding, DNA, Traits | Britannica
Genetics - Breeding, DNA, Traits: Genetic techniques are used in medicine to diagnose and treat inherited human disorders. Knowledge of a family history of conditions such as cancer or various disorders may indicate a hereditary tendency to develop these afflictions. Cells from embryonic tissues reveal certain genetic abnormalities, including enzyme deficiencies, that may be present in newborn ...
Human genetics | Description, Chromosomes, & Inheritance - Britannica
Human genetics, study of the inheritance of characteristics by children from parents. Human inheritance does not differ in any fundamental way from inheritance in other organisms. An understanding of human heredity is important in the prediction, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases that have a genetic component.
Gene | Definition, Structure, Expression, & Facts | Britannica
Gene, unit of hereditary information that occupies a fixed position on a chromosome. Genes achieve their effects by directing the synthesis of proteins. They are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), except in some viruses, which have genes consisting of a closely related compound called ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Genetics - DNA, Heredity, Variation | Britannica
Genetics - DNA, Heredity, Variation: Genetically diverse lines of organisms can be crossed in such a way to produce different combinations of alleles in one line. For example, parental lines are crossed, producing an F1 generation, which is then allowed to undergo random mating to produce offspring that have purebreeding genotypes (i.e., AA, bb, cc, or DD). This type of experimental breeding ...
Heredity - DNA, Genes, Inheritance | Britannica
Heredity - DNA, Genes, Inheritance: The data accumulated by scientists of the early 20th century provided compelling evidence that chromosomes are the carriers of genes. But the nature of the genes themselves remained a mystery, as did the mechanism by which they exert their influence. Molecular genetics—the study of the structure and function of genes at the molecular level—provided ...
Genetics - Microbes, DNA, Evolution | Britannica
Genetics - Microbes, DNA, Evolution: Microorganisms were generally ignored by the early geneticists because they are small in size and were thought to lack variable traits and the sexual reproduction necessary for a mixing of genes from different organisms. After it was discovered that microorganisms have many different physical and physiological characteristics that are amenable to study ...
Mendelian inheritance | Gregor Mendel, Genes, & Genetics | Britannica
Mendelian inheritance, principles of heredity formulated by Austrian-born botanist, teacher, and Augustinian prelate Gregor Mendel in 1865. These principles form what is known as the system of particulate inheritance by units, or genes. Mendel’s laws include the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment.
genetics summary | Britannica
genetics, Study of heredity in general and of gene s in particular. Modern genetics began in the 19th century with the work of Gregor Mendel, who formulated the basic concepts of heredity.
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